Evaluation of the Effect of Single Dose of Prophylactic Ciprofloxacin Before Simple Cystourethroscopy on the Incidence of Urinary Tract Infection: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Introduction: The assumed necessity of antimicrobial prophylaxis prior to simple cystoscopy is controversial. The aim of this study is to determine whether antibiotic prophylaxis is required before this outpatient procedure. Methods: A total of 162 patients with mean age of 51 years old (range: 12–82 years old) were recruited. They were randomized into two groups: First group did not receive antibiotics (81 patients) and the other group received prophylactic antibiotic before the operation (81 patients with a single dose of ciprofloxacin 500 mg). All patients underwent a diagnostic rigid cystoscopy.  48-72 hours following the operation, urine cultures were taken from all of patients. Further, patients were questioned about newly developed symptoms like dysuria, frequency, urgency and fever after cystoscopy. Results: Bacteriuria was present in 2/46% of the patients in Group that receive antibiotic, compared to 4/93% in Group that did not receive antibiotic (P = 0/27). Multivariate analysis in two groups showed that positive bacteriuria was not associated with gender (P =0/12), but there was association for older than 60 years age (P = 0/03) as well as cigarette smoking (P = 0/04). Conclusion: The incidence of the urinary tract infection is not increased without using prophylactic antibiotics.